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European Union countries

The European Union (EU) is a unique political and economic union consisting of 27 member states, each sharing part of their sovereignty for the collective good. This overview provides a glimpse into these diverse countries that form the EU.

List of All 27 European Union Countries

CountryEU accession dateSchengen Area memberEurozone member
AustriaJanuary 1, 1995
BelgiumMarch 25, 1957
BulgariaJanuary 1, 2007
CroatiaJuly 1, 2013
CyprusMay 1, 2004
CzechiaMay 1, 2004
DenmarkJanuary 1, 1973
EstoniaMay 1, 2004
FinlandJanuary 1, 1995
FranceMarch 25, 1957
GermanyMarch 25, 1957
GreeceJanuary 1, 1981
HungaryMay 1, 2004
IrelandJanuary 1, 1973
ItalyMarch 25, 1957
LatviaMay 1, 2004
LithuaniaMay 1, 2004
LuxembourgMarch 25, 1957
MaltaMay 1, 2004
NetherlandsMarch 25, 1957
PolandMay 1, 2004
PortugalJanuary 1, 1986
RomaniaJanuary 1, 2007
SlovakiaMay 1, 2004
SloveniaMay 1, 2004
SpainJanuary 1, 1986
SwedenJanuary 1, 1995

Overview of the European Union

The EU was established in the aftermath of World War II to foster economic cooperation, with the idea that countries that trade together are more likely to avoid conflict. It has since grown into a single market allowing goods and people to move around, basically as if the member countries were one country. It has its own currency, the Euro, used by 19 of the member countries.

Member States of the European Union

As of 2023, the EU comprises 27 member states. These countries vary widely in terms of geography, culture, economy, and political systems. Each member state retains its government and sovereignty but agrees to abide by the treaties and laws of the EU.

The 27 EU Member Countries

  1. Austria
  2. Belgium
  3. Bulgaria
  4. Croatia
  5. Cyprus
  6. Czech Republic
  7. Denmark
  8. Estonia
  9. Finland
  10. France
  11. Germany
  12. Greece
  13. Hungary
  14. Ireland
  15. Italy
  16. Latvia
  17. Lithuania
  18. Luxembourg
  19. Malta
  20. Netherlands
  21. Poland
  22. Portugal
  23. Romania
  24. Slovakia
  25. Slovenia
  26. Spain
  27. Sweden

EU Expansion and Criteria for Membership

The EU has grown steadily from its initial six founding states to 27. To join the EU, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria, which include a stable democratic government, a functioning market economy, and the acceptance of all EU legislation, including the Euro.

The European Union represents a significant achievement in voluntary economic and political cooperation between independent nations. Its member states, while diverse in culture and history, share common values and commitments to peace, democracy, and sustainable development.

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